网络彩票和AG百家乐 “耐克早就想在好意思国用机器东谈主造鞋，但连鞋底齐粘不好……”
发布日期：2024-12-03 10:24 点击次数：163“莫得两只鞋底是统共有筹商的……”
近日，《华尔街日报》一篇名为“为什么让机器东谈主坐蓐你的耐克鞋如斯遏止（Why It’s So Difficult for Robots to Make Your Nike Sneakers）”的报谈指出，特朗普将关税视为重振好意思国制造业的利器，但耐克试图将制造迁出亚洲的抗拒历程却提供了一个警示案例。
Trump sees tariffs as a way to boost US manufacturing, but Nike's struggle to move production from Asia is a cautionary tale.
耐克耗时且耗资的自动化实验，最终因工艺、技巧等问题宣告失败。
机器换东谈主没那么简便
好意思国总统特朗普企图用关税战术迫使好意思国企业把制造业和职责岗亭迁回好意思国。
但好意思国的劳能源资本昂贵，这意味着企业将不得不设法用机器取代东谈主工。事实解释，这对一些行业来说相当遏止。
多年来，耐克公司（Nike）一直试图将部分坐蓐业务从中国、印尼和越南升沉到北好意思的奋勉，就暴露出好意思国品牌想要解脱对那些亚洲机动、低资本的代工制造商的依赖有多难。
President Trump is betting that the threat of stiff tariffs on low-cost countries in Asia and elsewhere will pressure American companies to bring manufacturing—and jobs—back to the US. But high US labor costs mean companies would have to find ways to replace human workers with machines. For some industries, that has proved surprisingly difficult. Indeed, a yearslong effort by Nike to shift part of its manufacturing from China, Indonesia and Vietnam to North America illustrates how tough it is for US brands to wean themselves off the flexible, low-cost contract manufacturers.
早在2015年，耐克就运转斥资于一项测度打算，但愿能让这个一直以来高度服务密集型的行业杀青部分自动化。
Starting in 2015, Nike poured millions into an ambitious effort to partly automate what has always been a highly labor-intensive industry.
这家制鞋巨头找到了好意思国制造商伟创力（Flex），一家曾匡助苹果建起复杂工场来坐蓐Mac Pro电脑的好意思国制造商。耐克但愿，到2023年，能够在新建的高技术制造基地坐蓐数千万双耐克洞开鞋。
该工场仍将雇用数千名工东谈主，但数目将远少于在亚洲坐蓐雷同数目洞开鞋所需的工东谈主。一些参与者示意，要是奏效，这个项目约略能成为在好意思国进行坐蓐的模板。
The shoe giant turned to Flex, an American manufacturer that had helped Apple set up a complex factory in Texas to make Mac Pros. The goal: Make tens of millions of Nike sneakers at a new high-tech manufacturing site in Guadalajara, Mexico, by 2023. The plant would still include thousands of workers, but far fewer than are needed in Asia to make the same number of sneakers. If successful, the project could be a model for production in the US, according to some involved in the effort.
与此同期，耐克的竞争敌手们也运转再行念念考制造业形态。（Adidas）轻便在团结时刻推出了“快速工场”，讹诈高技术机械快速坐蓐洞开鞋。时任服装制造商安德玛（Under Armour）篡改践诺副总裁凯文·哈利（Kevin Haley）曾甘心将讹诈自动化技巧在巴尔的摩坐蓐鞋子。
图源：东方IC
耐克的测度打算是在不到10年的时刻里杀青大规模自动化坐蓐，从简劳能源资本，能够更快地请托新款洞开鞋。但这项职责很快就遇到了遏止。
机器东谈主很难处置制鞋进程中不行或缺的柔滑、粘稠和有弹性的部件。鞋类织物也会随温度变化而延长和减弱。在制鞋进程中，莫得两只鞋底是统共有筹商的。
东谈主工不错顺应这么的挑战，但事实解释机器很难作念到这少量。
The robots struggled to handle the soft, squishy and stretchy parts that are integral to shoemaking.Shoe fabrics also expand and contract depending on the temperature, while in shoemaking no two soles are exactly alike. Human workers can adapt to such challenges, but it proved difficult for machines.
曾为伟创力监督这个项方向汤姆·弗莱彻（Tom Fletcher）示意，“你试图作念一些相称精准的事情，玩AG百家乐有没有什么技巧但温度略微变冷或变热，材料就会发生变化。咱们莫得预料想这少量。”
“You’re trying to do something very precise and then it gets a little colder or warmer, and the material changes on you,” said Tom Fletcher, who oversaw the project for Flex. “We did not anticipate that.”
因此，工场的坐蓐从未杀青预期的自动化水平。
跟着洞开鞋产量的加多，工场职工数目激增至5,000东谈主，约为原测度打算的两倍，资本也逾越了越南访佛规模的工场。事实解释，粘合鞋底和鞋面等缜密职责在内的诸多任务齐很难杀青自动化。
弗莱彻说：“要是操作不当，鞋子就会出现显着的误解，这种偏差从好意思学角度而言意味着无法通过质地测试。”
As a result, factory production never became as automated as envisioned. As shoe production increased, the factory personnel swelled to 5,000, about twice as many as originally planned and costing more than a similar workforce in Vietnam. Task after task proved challenging to automate, like the delicate work of gluing soles to the upper part of the shoe. “If you didn’t lay it the right way, there would be a noticeable twisting of the shoe, a misalignment that aesthetically means it would fail quality tests,” said Fletcher.
愿景与施行的突破
自动化坐蓐意味着要设计出机器不错不休叠加坐蓐的简便产物。
而耐克坐蓐的鞋子种类广宽。与汽车或iPhone不同，鞋子的面貌一直在变化。
A central problem was also the huge variety of shoes Nike produces. And unlike cars or iPhones, shoe models are changing all the time. But automating manufacturing means designing simple products that machines can undertake over and over again.
著作提到，伟创力团队曾浮滥八个月时刻才找到一种不错将耐克象征添加到鞋子上的自动化才智，但耐克却转而坐蓐新的鞋款，伟创力设立的才智不再适用。
清雅监督该项方向耐克前高管迈克尔·牛顿（Michael Newton）说：“你必须对产物设计、材料的复杂性和使用的模子作念出一些就义。这与消费者的愿望以火去蛾中。他们想要的是产物令东谈主难以置信的千般性。”
“You have to make sacrifices from how to design to the complexity of the materials and models you’ll work with,” said Michael Newton, the former Nike executive who oversaw the project. “That goes against what the consumer wants. They want incredible diversity of product.”
牛顿示意，耐克不肯意甘休其设计，并但愿制造商能坐蓐出设计团队设计出的任何新鞋。
2017年，伟创力的投资者对该公司不休飞腾的资本退守三舍，一些东谈主质疑一家坐蓐电子产物的公司为什么要参与制鞋业。
图源：东方IC
著作提到，2019岁首，伟创力和耐克终端了这个项目。而阿迪达斯和安德玛也对其畴前将坐蓐回迁原土的奋勉不予置评。
好意思国商务部部长霍华德·路特尼克（Howard Lutnick）示意，政府但愿服务密集型产业追究好意思国。
在最近领受哥伦比亚播送公司（CBS）采访时他提到，好意思国将需要“数百万以致上千万的东谈主拧小小的螺丝来制造iPhone”。
Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has said the administration wants labor-intensive industries to return to the US. There will be an “army of millions and millions of people screwing in little, little screws to make iPhones,” he said in a recent interview with CBS.
当精密的机械遇到柔滑的布料，“好意思国制造”的洪志在制鞋业际遇了滑铁卢。
剪辑：李金昳
起原：华尔街日报
China Daily精读测度打算
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